Down Another Equine History "Rabbit Hole:" Spide Rathbun's Mention of the Arabian Horse Vonolel

"General Roberts on Vonolel, [circa] 1881."
Photograph by John Burke, India.
National Army Museum, London
https://collection.nam.ac.uk/detail.php?acc=1955-04-46-5

[Updated 24 October 2023 with additional information and photographs!]

One of the hazards of equine history research is that you always find "sidebar" stories that are so interesting you have to stop what you're doing and pursue the sidebar, also known as "going down a rabbit hole (or trail)."

Sometimes the only way to get out of the rabbit hole is to write about it, close its file, and go back to your original topic. So I'm going to tell you about the Arabian called Vonolel. I found him at the bottom of a recent rabbit hole.

This time, my original research subject (as it so often is) was W. K. Kellogg, the Battle Creek, Michigan millionaire cereal manufacturer whose Arabian horse ranch in Pomona, California had such an impact on the breed in the twentieth century.

Earl Henry "Spide" Rathbun (1886 -1961) was one of the many people connected with the Kellogg Ranch who helped promote the Arabian breed. A Battle Creek native, Rathbun did publicity for W. K. Kellogg, as did the Kellogg company's advertising agency, N. W. Ayer and Sons. 

In later years, Rathbun became known as an expert in all things Arabian horse. His business was called Calarabian (as opposed to Calarabia, the Arabian horse ranch owned by E. E. Hurlbutt). Rathbun's letterhead was embellished with the famous "Three Graces" photograph of the Kellogg Arabians "Latif" (registered as Deyrak), Arak, and Fasal. "Research on the Arabian Horse in California," the stationery proclaimed. 

Part of the first page of a 1949 letter from Spide Rathbun to W. K. Kellogg,
in the collection at the W. K. Kellogg Arabian Horse Library.

Rathbun's article on Arabians was published in the San Francisco Examiner on December 27, 1953, called "Those Aristocratic Arabians." 

The article mentions the names of some famous Arabian horses, including Buffalo Bill's Muson and Napoleon's Marengo. Rathbun also mentioned one I had not heard of before. Rathbun, and many other sources including major newspapers in the late 1800s, spelled the horse's name "Volonel."

So naturally I had to stop what I was working on and look up Field Marshal Frederick Sleigh Roberts (1832-1914) and his "beautifully diminutive" Arabian stallion. I reached out to the National Army Museum in London, and they corrected my original spelling of the horse's name: it was actually Vonolel.

Surely, I thought,  if Queen Victoria had decorated Vonolel, the newspapers of the day would have written about him. And they did.

Vonolel appears to have been foaled in 1872, perhaps in India. This illustration of Roberts and Vonolel, "his little grey Arab," appeared in the London Daily Telegraph, 21 December 1899.

A search of the Internet led me to a copy of the July 1900 issue of Cassell's Magazine for sale online. And there they were on the cover, the "Best of Brilliant Soldiers: Field Marshal LORD ROBERTS on his celebrated Arab charger, 'Volonel.'" 

The 11 October 1897 edition of the Manchester Evening Chronicle summarized Vonolel's career with Lord Roberts, and the fact that they had taken part in Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee parade.

A YouTube account has published a silent film of the parade. What appear to be Vonolel and Lord Roberts (based on the horse's appearance and the rider's uniform) appear starting at about 1:22.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HxohzRe9D6w

The collection of the National Army Museum in London holds this 1894 portrait of Roberts and Vonolel by Charles Furse (1869-1904). 

Source: National Army Museum website. (Out of Copyright.) NAM. 1983-07-9-1

The online description reads:

Roberts purchased his Arab charger 'Vonolel' while he was still a major soon after the Lushai Expedition in India (1871-1872), during which he defeated the son of a locally renowned chief after whom the horse was named.

Although little bigger than a pony, 'Vonolel' was his master's only reliable horse during the 2nd Afghan War (1878-1880) and carried Roberts on the celebrated march from Kabul to Kandahar. Thereafter he became a familiar sight at ceremonial parades and camps of exercise throughout India. He accompanied Roberts to Ireland where the latter served as Commander-in-Chief from 1895 to 1899.

Vonolel died in 1899. Queen Victoria conferred an Earldom on Lord Roberts and made him the last Commander in Chief of the Forces on 3 January 1901. It would be one of her last official acts; Victoria died on 22 January 1901. Roberts died of pneumonia in 1914 while visiting the troops in France during World War I. 

The National Army Museum collection has a photograph of Vonolel's grave marker:

Source: National Army Museum website. Out of copyright. NAM. 1955-04-80-1

And another of the horse himself, in-hand:

Source:National Army Museum. Out of copyright.
 https://collection.nam.ac.uk/detail.php?acc=1955-04-46-4

The NAM collection also holds the Vonolel Bowl, sterling silver, mounted with the horse's hooves, saddle leather, and medals. Field Marshal Roberts commissioned it in 1904.  (Repurposing the hooves of deceased favorite horses was common in that era.)

Source: National Army Museum.
 https://collection.nam.ac.uk/detail.php?acc=1955-04-80-1.

There's a statue of Lord Roberts on Vonolel in Glasgow, Scotland, copied from an original in India designed by Harry Bates. The copy was executed by Henry Poole, and unveiled in August 1916.

By © MSeses / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=48101680

A Facebook friend reminded me that there is also a statue of Vonolel and Lord Roberts at Horse Guards Parade in London. I had taken this photo of it when we visited, before the pandemic.

You can read a summary of Lord Roberts' life here. (Remember, horses did not invent Colonialism.)

https://www.nam.ac.uk/explore/frederick-roberts-bobs

The Wikipedia entry for Lord Roberts is here:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Roberts,_1st_Earl_Roberts

There are several letters from Spide Rathbun in the collection at the W. K. Kellogg Arabian Horse Library at Cal Poly Pomona. 

And, to bring the story full circle, W. K. Kellogg (or one of his employees) pasted a magazine article that mentioned Vonolel into a scrapbook: "Brothers of the Wind," by Chester Newson Hess, in Touring Topics, October 1929.  

https://libguides.library.cpp.edu/c.php?g=753464&p=5397393

Certain images may be provided under the Fair Use Provision in Section 107 of the United States Copyright Act. "Fair Use" specifically allows the use of copyrighted materials for educational purposes only.

The Little Gray Arabian Stallion, at Home

We do a lot of virtual time-traveling in this blog. Now let's imagine we are riding around in our '37 Chevy with some horse-crazy people in Southern California, sometime around the end of World War II, maybe a few years after. 

We don't know their names, but from looking at the old black-and-white snapshots they left behind, we know these folks love horses. They're making a trip to the San Gabriel Valley northeast of Los Angeles, to visit a ranch destined to become one of the most influential American Arabian horse breeding establishments of our time. 

And of course they're going to take a camera.

The sign outside the ranch reads:

REGISTERED

ARABIAN HORSES

H.H. REESE

As the visitors approach, they see one of the stallions in a paddock surrounded by trees. He's a little fellow, almost pony-sized; he looks relaxed and happy. Perhaps he's munching on something? He's a dapple gray, turning whiter with time. He has a beautiful wide head, a deep jowl, expressive eyes, and a small muzzle. 

The visitors get out the camera. One click, and this image of the little horse is preserved for posterity.

And until their photograph of the little gray Arabian stallion turned up at an estate sale in Southern California in the summer of 2023, it's likely no one else had ever seen it. I didn't go to the sale, but someone who did attend rescued the photograph and gave it to me a few days ago.

The sign told me where the photo had been taken, and I was almost certain I knew the name of the horse. Why would someone have visited Herbert H. Reese's Rancho Canada Oscura (Ranch of the Hidden Canyon) in Covina, if not to see his famous Arabian stallions?

I checked with my friend and mentor, Arabian horse historian par excellence Carol Woodbridge Mulder. She wrote back:

"I am sure that is Ferseyn in the paddock with the sign about Reese's horse business. I remember seeing Ferseyn many, many times in that paddock on Glendora Ave. in Covina."

Ferseyn, foaled in 1937, was bred at the W. K. Kellogg Institute in 1936, the son of *Raseyn and *Ferda. At the time, Herbert Reese was managing the Kellogg Ranch. Cattle and horse rancher Fred Vanderhoof bought *Ferda shortly afterwards. Ferseyn was foaled at Vanderhoof's ranch in Woodlake (San Joaquin Valley). 

Correspondence in the collection of the W. K. Kellogg Arabian Horse Library shows that, when Ferseyn was two years old, Vanderhoof sent him and some other horses to Reese's ranch in Covina, Reese having parted company with the Kellogg property and set up his own Arabian breeding establishment in Covina in February 1939. Vanderhoof took out an ad in Western Horseman magazine in March 1939, featuring a photo of the young Ferseyn. The ad calls him "brown," but he was already starting to turn gray.

In his book The Kellogg Arabians, Reese wrote that the more he looked at Ferseyn, the more he liked him, and bought him for his own. Ferseyn appears in an "At Stud" ad for Reese's ranch in the September 1939 issue of Western Horseman.

Along with the single photo of Ferseyn from the estate sale, there was another surviving souvenir of the visit to the Rancho that pointed to the identity of the little stallion. Mr. Reese had had brochures made for each of his famous stallions, specially reprinted from material originally published in Western Livestock Journal. Two of his most famous stallions -- Abu Farwa, and Alla Amarward -- were chestnuts. Ferseyn was gray. His flyer was reprinted from an ad in WLJ's September 1944 issue. 

Ferseyn, Abu Farwa, and Alla Amarward went on to become three of the leading Arabian sires in North America in the mid-twentieth century.  It's nice to see the amateur snapshot of the little gray stallion relaxing in the pasture at Reese's Arabian Horse Ranch, waiting for some human guests to arrive. 

_____________________________________________________

The website for the W. K. Kellogg Arabian Horse Library on the campus of Cal Poly Pomona is here:  https://libguides.library.cpp.edu/wkkahl

Herbert H. Reese and Gladys Brown Edwards collaborated on several books. 

The Kellogg Arabians

Training the Arabian Horse

Arabian Horse Breeding

Horses of Today: Their History, Breeds, and Qualifications 

Affordable good used copies are readily available via online booksellers. Shop around for a price under $20 apiece.

Lonny Hitchen has posted a short film of an older Ferseyn on YouTube:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-0rc5RmhTXM